cortex (VC) in autopsy brains of well-phenotyped subjects with autism and matched
controls, and stereologically quantified the microglial densities. Densities were
determined blind to phenotype using an optical fractionator probe. In FI,
individuals with autism had significantly more microglia compared to controls
(p = 0.02). One such subject had a microglial density in FI within the control
range and was also an outlier behaviorally with respect to other subjects with
autism. In VC, microglial densities were also significantly greater in
individuals with autism versus controls (p = 0.0002). Since we observed increased
densities of microglia in two functionally and anatomically disparate cortical
areas, we suggest that these immune cells are probably denser throughout cerebral
cortex in brains of people with autism.
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