Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may affecting white-matter brain development and alter the development of the fetal corpus callosum, according to results of a prospective study presented at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Academic Societies/American Society of Pediatric Nephrology (PAS/ASPN).
Showing posts with label Antidepressant. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Antidepressant. Show all posts
Antidepressants during pregnancy linked to autism - Medical News Today
"The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - a common class of antidepressants - during the second and/or third trimester was significantly associated with an increased risk of ASD."
'via Blog this'
'via Blog this'
Prenatal antidepressant exposure is associated with risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder but not autism spectrum disorder in a large health system
Previous studies suggested that risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
may be increased in children exposed to antidepressants during the
prenatal period. The disease specificity of this risk has not been
addressed and the possibility of confounding has not been excluded.
Children with ASD or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
delivered in a large New England health-care system were identified from
electronic health records (EHR), and each diagnostic group was matched
1:3 with children without ASD or ADHD. All children were linked with
maternal health data using birth certificates and EHRs to determine
prenatal medication exposures. Multiple logistic regression was used to
examine association between prenatal antidepressant exposures and ASD or
ADHD risk. A total of 1377 children diagnosed with ASD and 2243 with
ADHD were matched with healthy controls. In models adjusted for
sociodemographic features, antidepressant exposure prior to and during
pregnancy was associated with ASD risk, but risk associated with
exposure during pregnancy was no longer significant after controlling
for maternal major depression (odds ratio (OR) 1.10 (0.70–1.70)).
Conversely, antidepressant exposure during but not prior to pregnancy
was associated with ADHD risk, even after adjustment for maternal
depression (OR 1.81 (1.22–2.70)). These results suggest that the risk of
autism observed with prenatal antidepressant exposure is likely
confounded by severity of maternal illness, but further indicate that
such exposure may still be associated with ADHD risk. This risk, modest
in absolute terms, may still be a result of residual confounding and
must be balanced against the substantial consequences of untreated
maternal depression.
may be increased in children exposed to antidepressants during the
prenatal period. The disease specificity of this risk has not been
addressed and the possibility of confounding has not been excluded.
Children with ASD or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
delivered in a large New England health-care system were identified from
electronic health records (EHR), and each diagnostic group was matched
1:3 with children without ASD or ADHD. All children were linked with
maternal health data using birth certificates and EHRs to determine
prenatal medication exposures. Multiple logistic regression was used to
examine association between prenatal antidepressant exposures and ASD or
ADHD risk. A total of 1377 children diagnosed with ASD and 2243 with
ADHD were matched with healthy controls. In models adjusted for
sociodemographic features, antidepressant exposure prior to and during
pregnancy was associated with ASD risk, but risk associated with
exposure during pregnancy was no longer significant after controlling
for maternal major depression (odds ratio (OR) 1.10 (0.70–1.70)).
Conversely, antidepressant exposure during but not prior to pregnancy
was associated with ADHD risk, even after adjustment for maternal
depression (OR 1.81 (1.22–2.70)). These results suggest that the risk of
autism observed with prenatal antidepressant exposure is likely
confounded by severity of maternal illness, but further indicate that
such exposure may still be associated with ADHD risk. This risk, modest
in absolute terms, may still be a result of residual confounding and
must be balanced against the substantial consequences of untreated
maternal depression.
ADHD study flags pre-natal use of antidepressants
Children born to women who took antidepressants during pregnancy are
statistically likelier to develop the mental disorder called ADHD,
researchers said on Tuesday.
statistically likelier to develop the mental disorder called ADHD,
researchers said on Tuesday.
Antidepressant use during pregnancy may lead to childhood obesity, diabetes -- ScienceDaily
Maternal use of a class of antidepressants called selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, resulted in increased fat accumulation
and inflammation in the liver of the adult offspring, researchers have
demonstrated for the first time in an animal model. This raises new
concerns about the long-term metabolic complications in children born to
women who take SSRI antidepressants during pregnancy.
reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, resulted in increased fat accumulation
and inflammation in the liver of the adult offspring, researchers have
demonstrated for the first time in an animal model. This raises new
concerns about the long-term metabolic complications in children born to
women who take SSRI antidepressants during pregnancy.
Antidepressants during pregnancy: Worth the risk? | Futurity
A recent study suggests taking a certain class of antidepressants during pregnancy may increase the risk of a brain malformation for children. Even so, researchers say doctors shouldn’t change their prescribing practices based on the results.
The antidepressants in question are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and the brain malformation is known as Chiari type 1, condition in which brain tissue in the cerebellum (a part of the brain that controls balance, motor systems, and some cognitive functions) extends into the spinal canal.
About 5 percent of children have a Chiari type 1 malformation. Most do not have any problems because of it, but some develop symptoms such as headache and balance problems. In severe cases surgery may be necessary.
The antidepressants in question are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and the brain malformation is known as Chiari type 1, condition in which brain tissue in the cerebellum (a part of the brain that controls balance, motor systems, and some cognitive functions) extends into the spinal canal.
About 5 percent of children have a Chiari type 1 malformation. Most do not have any problems because of it, but some develop symptoms such as headache and balance problems. In severe cases surgery may be necessary.
A fast-acting antidepressant appears within reach (NMDA antagonist and monoamine uptake blocker))
The drug, referred to by Talbot as its coded name MI-4 and better known among scientists as Ro-25-6981 ( a selective NMDA 2B receptor subtype antagonist (GRIN2B), has been shown by previous researchers to cause a rapid antidepressant effect in animals by blocking one of the brain's signaling chemicals. But until now, researchers were not aware of the full spectrum of its antidepressant properties.
The new study bolsters the evidence for MI-4's rapid effect and adds
an exciting twist: MI-4 also works in the long term. Moreover, it may
accomplish its long-term effects through a three-pronged approach known
as triple reuptake inhibition, which refers to a drug's ability to
simultaneously increase the levels of three key chemicals in the brain
that are known to affect mood and feelings of pleasure—dopamine,
norepinephrine and serotonin. Most depression drugs only target one of
these chemicals, which may explain why they are not effective in all
patients.
Antidepressant use in pregnancy linked to autism risk in boys: Study - CBS News
Boys with autism were three times more likely to have been exposed to antidepressants known as SSRIs in the womb than typically developing children, according to new research.
The new study also found that boys whose mothers took SSRIs -- drugs including Celexa, Lexapro, Paxil, Prozac and Zoloft -- during pregnancy were also more likely to have developmental delays.
Results of the study were published online April 14 and in the May print issue of Pediatrics.
"We found prenatal SSRI exposure was almost three times as likely in boys with autism spectrum disorders relative to typical development, with the greatest risk when exposure is during the first trimester," said study co-author Li-Ching Lee, an associate scientist in the department of epidemiology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, in Baltimore.
Research produces strong evidence for a new class of antidepressant drugs - Medical News Today
Scientists have shown for the first time that a chemical in the brain called galanin is involved in the risk of developing depression.
And the research, undertaken by a European research team, points to a
strong reason to develop drugs that modify galanin functioning as a new
class of antidepressant drug.
Galanin is a neuropeptide (a small protein) that was discovered and
investigated over 30 years ago by various groups including the Swedish
scientist Tomas Hokfelt. He is one of the senior authors of the paper
published in the journal PNAS.
And the research, undertaken by a European research team, points to a
strong reason to develop drugs that modify galanin functioning as a new
class of antidepressant drug.
Galanin is a neuropeptide (a small protein) that was discovered and
investigated over 30 years ago by various groups including the Swedish
scientist Tomas Hokfelt. He is one of the senior authors of the paper
published in the journal PNAS.
Serotonin boost explains ketamine's antidepressant effect - Research Highlights - RIKEN RESEARCH
The anesthetic drug ketamine has recently been shown to have a rapid
antidepressant effect in psychiatric patients who do not respond to
other medications. However, physicians still do not fully understand
what the drug does in the brain. Using molecular imaging techniques, a
research team led by Hirotaka Onoe and colleagues from the RIKEN Center
for Life Science Technologies has now discovered that ketamine increases
the activity of serotonin in brain areas involved in regulating
motivation and mood.
antidepressant effect in psychiatric patients who do not respond to
other medications. However, physicians still do not fully understand
what the drug does in the brain. Using molecular imaging techniques, a
research team led by Hirotaka Onoe and colleagues from the RIKEN Center
for Life Science Technologies has now discovered that ketamine increases
the activity of serotonin in brain areas involved in regulating
motivation and mood.
A potential new class of fast-acting antidepressant
We observed fast-acting therapeutic effects in multiple behavioral tasks after we administered compounds that selectively block serotonin 2C receptors," said Mark Opal, a graduate student at the University of Chicago and lead author of the paper. "We began our measurements at five days, but we think there's a possibility it could be effective even sooner than that."
Rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine ignite drug discovery : Nature Medicine : Nature Publishing Group
Ketamine as well as a number of other experimental drugs in the pipeline have shown promising effects as rapidly acting antidepressants. Several pharmaceutical companies have an arsenal of similar NMDA receptor antagonists - related to a flurry of activity some years ago in attempts to prevent stroke damage and neurodegeneration. These compounds worked well in lab models, but none have yet made it to the clinic for this indication .Perhaps this will re-ignite pharmaceutical interest in a new direction.
Induction of adult cortical neurogenesis by an antidepressant
The production of new neurons in the adult normal cortex in response to the antidepressant, fluoxetine, is reported in a study published online this week in Neuropsychopharmacology.
Read more at: http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-induction-adult-cortical-neurogenesis-antidepressant.html#jCp
Read more at: http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-induction-adult-cortical-neurogenesis-antidepressant.html#jCp
New antidepressant acts very rapidly and is long lasting
A first-of-its-kind antidepressant drug discovered by a Northwestern University professor and now tested on adults who have failed other antidepressant therapies has been shown to alleviate symptoms within hours, have good safety and produce positive effects that last for about seven days from a single dose.GLYX-13 works by modulating the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor in the brain, as do current NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine, but GLYX-13 does not have their serious and limiting side effects, such as hallucinations and schizophrenia-like effects.4
New study shows need for caution, as drugs like Prozac can have some adverse effects on babies
(Medical Xpress)—Depression—one of the most crippling and costly illnesses in the United States—is the leading cause of disability among people ages 15 to 44. Since Prozac hit the market in 1987, many Americans have relied on antidepressant medications to control their symptoms. One in 10 of us takes antidepressants, making them the third most common prescription drug, after painkillers and high blood pressure pills, according to a 2011 report from the National Center for Health Statistics.The researchers also found studies linking fetal exposure to the antidepressants with cardiac and respiratory problems, growth and developmental delays—and even autism.
Read more at: http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-caution-drugs-prozac-adverse-effects.html#jCp
Read more at: http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-caution-drugs-prozac-adverse-effects.html#jCp
Antidepressants Linked To Poor Birth Outcomes and perhaps autism
Usage of a type of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) among mothers has been linked to preterm birth, miscarriage, neonatal health problems and potential long-term neurobehavioral conditions, such as autism, according to HMS experts at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston.
Good mood foods: Some flavors in some foods resemble a prescription mood stabilizer (valproate)
New evidence reveals the possibility of mood-enhancing effects associated with some flavors, stemming at least in part from natural ingredients bearing a striking chemical similarity to valproic acid, a widely used prescription mood-stabilizing drug, scientists reported in Philadelphia. This effect joins those previously reported for chocolate, teas and some other known comfort foods.(chocolate, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, teas and certain other foods)
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates the antidepressant actions of voluntary exercise
Voluntary exercise is known to have an antidepressant effect. However, the underlying mechanism for this antidepressant action of exercise remains unclear, and little progress has been made in identifying genes that are directly involved. We have identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by analyzing existing mRNA microarray data and confirmed the augmented expression of selected genes under two experimental conditions: voluntary exercise and electroconvulsive seizure. A proinflammatory cytokine, MIF is expressed in the central nervous system and involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. A recent study reported that MIF is involved in antidepressant-induced hippocampal neurogenesis, but the mechanism remains elusive. In our data, tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) expression were induced after MIF treatment in vitro, as well as during both exercise and electroconvulsive seizure in vivo. This increment of Tph2 was accompanied by increases in the levels of total serotonin in vitro. Moreover, the MIF receptor CD74 and the ERK1/2 pathway mediate the MIF-induced Tph2 and Bdnf gene expression as well as serotonin content. Experiments in Mif−/− mice revealed depression-like behaviors and a blunted antidepressant effect of exercise, as reflected by changes in Tph2 and Bdnf expression in the forced swim test. In addition, administration of recombinant MIF protein produced antidepressant-like behavior in rats in the forced swim test. Taken together, these results suggest a role of MIF in mediating the antidepressant action of exercise, probably by enhancing serotonin neurotransmission and neurotrophic factor-induced neurogenesis in the brain.
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