Showing posts with label Fast food. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Fast food. Show all posts

Fast food packaging contains potentially harmful chemicals that can leach into food

 In the most comprehensive analysis to date on the prevalence of highly fluorinated chemicals in fast food packaging in the United States, researchers tested more than 400 samples from 27 fast food chains throughout the country. The samples, consisting of paper wrappers, paperboard, and drink containers, were analyzed for a class of chemicals called PFASs (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), also known as PFCs. These highly fluorinated chemicals are widely used in an array of nonstick, stain-resistant, and waterproof products, including carpeting, cookware, outdoor apparel, as well as food packaging.
"These chemicals have been linked with numerous health problems, so it's concerning that people are potentially exposed to them in food," says Laurel Schaider, an environmental chemist at Silent Spring Institute and the study's lead author. Exposure to some PFASs has been associated with cancer, thyroid disease, immune suppression, low birth weight, and decreased fertility. "Children are especially at risk for health effects because their developing bodies are more vulnerable to toxic chemicals," says Schaider. Approximately one third of children in the U.S. consume fast food every day."



Recent Fast Food Consumption and Bisphenol A and Phthalates Exposures among the U.S. Population in NHANES, 2003–2010

Background:

Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) are widely used industrial chemicals that may adversely impact human health. Human exposure is ubiquitous and can occur through diet, including consumption of processed or packaged food.

Objective:

To examine associations between recent fast food intake and BPA and urinary metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHPm) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNPm) among the US population.

Methods:

We combined data on 8877 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003-2010). Using 24-hour dietary recall data, we quantified: 1) fast food intake (percent of total energy intake (TEI) from fast food); 2) fast food-derived fat intake (percent of TEI from fat in fast food); and 3) fast food intake by food group (dairy, eggs, grains, meat, and other). We examined associations between dietary exposures and urinary chemical concentrations using multivariate linear regression.

Results:

We observed evidence of a positive, dose-response relationship between fast food intake and exposure to phthalates (p-trend<0.0001) but not BPA; participants with high consumption (≥34.9% TEI from fast food) had 23.8% (95% CI: 11.9%, 36.9%) and 39.0% (95% CI: 21.9%, 58.5%) higher levels of ΣDEHPm and DiNPm, respectively, than non-consumers. Fast food-derived fat intake was also positively associated with ΣDEHPm and DiNPm (p-trend <0.0001). After adjusting for other food groups, ΣDEHPm was associated with grain and other intake, and DiNPm was associated with meat and grain intake.

Conclusion: Fast food may be a source of exposure to DEHP and DiNP. These results, if confirmed, could inform individual and regulatory exposure reduction strategies."



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Is the number of fast-food outlets in the neighbourhood related to screen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors?

Objective We investigated whether a higher number of fast-food outlets in an individual’s home neighbourhood is associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and
related risk factors, including obesity.

Design Cross-sectional study.

Three UK-based diabetes screening studies (one general population, two
high-risk populations) conducted between 2004 and 2011. The primary
outcome was screen-detected type 2 diabetes. Secondary outcomes were
risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

Subjects In total 10 461 participants (mean age 59 years; 53 % male; 21 % non-White ethnicity).

Results There was a higher number of neighbourhood (500 m radius from home postcode) fast-food outlets among non-White ethnic groups (P<0·001) and in socially deprived areas (P<0·001).
After adjustment (social deprivation, urban/rural, ethnicity, age,
sex), more fast-food outlets was associated with significantly increased
odds for diabetes (OR=1·02; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·04) and obesity (OR=1·02;
95 % CI 1·00, 1·03). This suggests that for every additional two outlets
per neighbourhood, we would expect one additional diabetes case,
assuming a causal relationship between the fast-food outlets and
diabetes.

Conclusions
These results suggest that increased exposure to fast-food outlets is
associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity, which has
implications for diabetes prevention at a public health level and for
those granting planning permission to new fast-food outlets.

It's Not Genes: People Are Fat Because They Eat Too Much

fried chicken
fried chicken (Photo credit: plasticrevolver)
From Medscape (free but you need to register)
Researchers from the University of Cambridge conducted a very simple
study. They wanted to know how many fast-food outlets are in
Cambridgeshire, the county that includes Cambridge and the university.
They also looked at where people commuted to work, and whether there was
any association between going by these fast-food places and obesity and
diabetes.

Bad Food, Not Bad Genes

Guess what they found? If you put a bucket of fried chicken out every
half-mile along the route people take to work and back, they are fatter.
There is a correlation between fast-food outlets and being diabetic or
being fat.

The point is this: Genes certainly play a role in how
people handle food, but if you live in a culture that overwhelms you
with opportunities to eat junk food and fatty food, even the best genes
can easily be overwhelmed.

Associations between exposure to takeaway food outlets, takeaway food consumption, and body weight in Cambridgeshire, UK: population based, cross sectional study
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Body mass index of low income African-Americans linked to proximity of fast food restaurants

A new study published online in theAmerican Journal of Public Healthindicates higher BMI associates with residential proximity to a fast food restaurant, and among lower-income African-Americans, the density, or number, of fast food restaurants within two miles of the home

Super-sized citizens: The relationship between a country's fast-food outlets and its obesity rates

 "The conclusions, published in the journal Critical Public Health (De Vogli, Kouvonen & Gimeno, 2011), are clear: the density of Subway's outlets is positively associated with the prevalence of obesity across 26 advanced economies in both men and women. Even after adjusting for the other factors, countries with the highest density of Subway restaurants (such as the United States and Canada) have a higher prevalence of obesity than countries with a low density (like Norway and Japan)."


Fast food linked to asthma and eczema

A large international study led from The University of Auckland has shown that an increased risk of severe asthma, eczema and rhinitis in adolescents and children is associated with eating fast food three or more times a week."

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Fast food linked to child asthma, study finds

Children who frequently eat fast food are far likelier to have severe asthma compared to counterparts who tuck into fruit, a large international study published on Monday said.

Read more at: http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-fast-food-linked-child-asthma.html#jCp

Stay happy by avoiding junk food, says study - Yahoo! News

Feeling blue? Drop the burger and donuts. While junk food and processed foods may provide a dose of instant gratification, Spanish researchers say they’ve found a direct link between the consumption of fast food and depression.
After observing 8,964 participants over six months, scientists found that consumers of fast food were 51 percent more likely to develop depression. And the more they ate, the greater the risk.
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