Periodontal disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are inflammatory
conditions affecting the global adult population. In the pathogenesis of
PD, subgingival complex bacterial biofilm induces inflammation that
leads to connective tissue degradation and alveolar bone resorption
around the teeth. In health, junctional epithelium seals the gingiva to
the tooth enamel, thus preventing bacteria from entering the gingivae.
Chronic PD involves major pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia)
which have an immune armoury that can circumvent host's immune
surveillance to create and maintain an inflammatory mediator rich and
toxic environment to grow and survive. The neurodegenerative condition,
AD, is characterised by poor memory and specific hallmark proteins;
periodontal pathogens are increasingly being linked with this dementing
condition. It is therefore becoming important to understand associations
of periodontitis with relevance to late-onset AD. The aim of this
review is to discuss the relevance of finding the keystone periodontal
pathogen P. gingivalis in AD brains and its plausible contribution to the aetiological hypothesis of this dementing condition.
conditions affecting the global adult population. In the pathogenesis of
PD, subgingival complex bacterial biofilm induces inflammation that
leads to connective tissue degradation and alveolar bone resorption
around the teeth. In health, junctional epithelium seals the gingiva to
the tooth enamel, thus preventing bacteria from entering the gingivae.
Chronic PD involves major pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia)
which have an immune armoury that can circumvent host's immune
surveillance to create and maintain an inflammatory mediator rich and
toxic environment to grow and survive. The neurodegenerative condition,
AD, is characterised by poor memory and specific hallmark proteins;
periodontal pathogens are increasingly being linked with this dementing
condition. It is therefore becoming important to understand associations
of periodontitis with relevance to late-onset AD. The aim of this
review is to discuss the relevance of finding the keystone periodontal
pathogen P. gingivalis in AD brains and its plausible contribution to the aetiological hypothesis of this dementing condition.
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