Lower hemoglobin is associated with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's
disease (AD). Since brain iron homeostasis is perturbed in AD, we
investigated whether this is peripherally reflected in the hematological
and related blood chemistry values from the Australian Imaging
Biomarker and Lifestyle (AIBL) study (a community-based, cross-sectional
cohort comprising 768 healthy controls (HC), 133 participants with mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) and 211 participants with AD). We found that
individuals with AD had significantly lower hemoglobin, mean cell
hemoglobin concentrations, packed cell volume and higher erythrocyte
sedimentation rates (adjusted for age, gender, APOE-ε4
and site). In AD, plasma iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation and
red cell folate levels exhibited a significant distortion of their
customary relationship to hemoglobin levels. There was a strong
association between anemia and AD (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.43,
confidence interval (CI) (1.31, 4.54)). Moreover, AD emerged as a
strong risk factor for anemia on step-down regression, even when
controlling for all other available explanations for anemia (adjusted OR=3.41, 95% CI (1.68, 6.92)). These data indicated that AD is complicated by anemia, which may itself contribute to cognitive decline.
disease (AD). Since brain iron homeostasis is perturbed in AD, we
investigated whether this is peripherally reflected in the hematological
and related blood chemistry values from the Australian Imaging
Biomarker and Lifestyle (AIBL) study (a community-based, cross-sectional
cohort comprising 768 healthy controls (HC), 133 participants with mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) and 211 participants with AD). We found that
individuals with AD had significantly lower hemoglobin, mean cell
hemoglobin concentrations, packed cell volume and higher erythrocyte
sedimentation rates (adjusted for age, gender, APOE-ε4
and site). In AD, plasma iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation and
red cell folate levels exhibited a significant distortion of their
customary relationship to hemoglobin levels. There was a strong
association between anemia and AD (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.43,
confidence interval (CI) (1.31, 4.54)). Moreover, AD emerged as a
strong risk factor for anemia on step-down regression, even when
controlling for all other available explanations for anemia (adjusted OR=3.41, 95% CI (1.68, 6.92)). These data indicated that AD is complicated by anemia, which may itself contribute to cognitive decline.
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