The researchers BrainSpan search showed that in healthy brains, the nine genes implicated in autism spectrum disorders produce proteins that act together during one specific period of time in one certain type of cell in one particular region of the brain. Specifically, this network of genes is active during early and mid-fetal development (10–24 weeks) in glutamate-producing projection neurons in the prefrontal and primary motor-somatosensory cortex—an area of the brain critical for personality expression, social behavior, and language. These findings suggest that when any of these nine genes are misspelled, the consequence is disrupted development of the cortical projection neurons, which function rather like interstate highways connecting the two halves of the cortex and linking the cortex to other key areas of the brain.
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