Major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T
lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS)
and both autoimmune, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and
viral, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection, animal
models of MS. Following TMEV infection, certain T cell hybridomas,
generated from cloned TMEV-induced CD8(+) T cells, were able to produce
clinical signs of disease (flaccid hind limb paralysis) upon adoptive
transfer into naive mice. Dual T cell receptors (TCR) are present on the
surface of these cells as both Vβ3 and Vβ6 were detected by polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) screening and flow cytometry and multiple Vα mRNAs
were detected by PCR screening. This is the first demonstration of
antiviral CD8(+) T cells having more than one TCR initiating an
autoimmune disease in the natural host of the virus. We hypothesize that
this is a potential mechanism for virus-induced autoimmune disease
initiated by CD8(+) T cells.
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