Risk factors in anorexia
Anorexia More Likely To Affect Those Born In Spring
Anorexia is more likely To affect those born in spring suggesting an environmental influence
Risk factors in anorexia
Risk factors in anorexia
Melatonin might help control weight gain and prevent heart disease associated with obesity
Melatonin might help control weight gain and prevent heart disease associated with obesity
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Human herpesvirus-6 viral load and antibody titer in serum samples of patients with multiple sclerosis.
HHV-6 DNA is more prevalent in multiple sclerosis patients
Risk factors: Multiple sclerosis Kegg pathways of multiple sclerosis genes
Risk factors: Multiple sclerosis Kegg pathways of multiple sclerosis genes
Old Drug May Hold New Promise in Alzheimer's Disease
This is lithium, which has been known to inhibit GSK3 beta, the tau phophorylator, for some time. It has beneficial effects in mild cognitive impairment, but is so far without effect in Alzheimer's disease
Refs
Refs
Childhood Morbidity and Health in Early Adulthood:... [Adv Life Course Res. 2010] - PubMed result
Higher levels of infections in childhood were associated with a low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL), and higher level of triglycerides, plasma glucose, waist circumference, and obesity (but not hypertension)
Risk factors: Childhood obesity:
GM-CSF required for the immune attack in multiple sclerosis
GM-CSF required for the immune attack in multiple sclerosis
Risk factors: Multiple sclerosis
Kegg signalling pathways in multiple sclerosis
Risk factors: Multiple sclerosis
Kegg signalling pathways in multiple sclerosis
Human herpesvirus 6 and effectiveness of interferon beta 1b in multiple sclerosis patients.
This paper showed that herpes virus HHV6 infection was associated with relapses in multiple sclerosis
Risk factors: Multiple sclerosis
Kegg pathways of multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes
Risk factors: Multiple sclerosis
Kegg pathways of multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes
The fox and the rabbits, environmental variables and population genetics.1: Replication problems in association studies and the untapped power of GWAS. 2: Vitamin A deficiency, herpes simplex reactivation and other causes of Alzheimer’s disease
On two islands covered in snow or black volcanic ash live two populations of black and white rabbits and a fox, who will more easily devour the black rabbits in the snow - and the white rabbits in the ash. The black and white genes are risk promoting or protective, depending on the island. The snow, the ash, or the fox are apparently irrelevant on either island, as all are equally present whether the rabbits are alive or dead.
Black and white genes, or the snow or ash, as risk factors, can however be risk promoting or protective depending on circumstance. Meta-analysis combining all data, or GWAS data pooling from both islands, would negate these findings leaving no genes, risk factor or cause: However, a partitioning of GWAS data in relation to the snow or the ash could correctly identify risk and protective genes and risk factors - but not the fox, still present in all compartments.
The effects of genes and risk factors can therefore condition each other, and allow or disallow the effects of a causative agent, which can be present in equal quantity in both control and death promoting samples. The genes or risk factors are not killing the rabbits, but are allowing the cause to do so.
What conditions the risk promoting effects of hundreds of genes and dozens of risk factors in complex diseases, and how do you find the fox ?
Adapted from the population genetics example of the evolution of the peppered moth
Black and white genes, or the snow or ash, as risk factors, can however be risk promoting or protective depending on circumstance. Meta-analysis combining all data, or GWAS data pooling from both islands, would negate these findings leaving no genes, risk factor or cause: However, a partitioning of GWAS data in relation to the snow or the ash could correctly identify risk and protective genes and risk factors - but not the fox, still present in all compartments.
The effects of genes and risk factors can therefore condition each other, and allow or disallow the effects of a causative agent, which can be present in equal quantity in both control and death promoting samples. The genes or risk factors are not killing the rabbits, but are allowing the cause to do so.
What conditions the risk promoting effects of hundreds of genes and dozens of risk factors in complex diseases, and how do you find the fox ?
Adapted from the population genetics example of the evolution of the peppered moth
Novel Pathophysiologic Mechanism Responsible For Autoimmunity Identified By Scientists
Human proteins that bind to dermatan sulphate, found mainly in skin and blood vessels, are more likely to become autoantigens
Quantitative PCR study of the influence of probiotic culture soluble fraction on the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing genes
P. Aeruginosa is one of many species hypercolonising the airways in cystic fibrosis. This study showed that its virulence could be reduced by probiotics
Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Gut study divides people into three types : Nature News
Gut study divides people into three types : Nature News
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Pregnant Woman's Diet Affects Child's Obesity Risk
It appears from this study that types of diet , rather than obesity itself, can produce epigenetic changes in the child's DNA . in this case methylation
Risk factors: Childhood obesity:
Common virus plus low sunlight exposure may increase risk of multiple sclerosis
This study showed that a combined effect of Epstein Barr virus infection and low sunlight, which also leads to Vitamin D deficiency were able to explain a great deal of the incidence of multiple sclerosis in the UK. A recent paper also highlighted a relationship of the Epstein-Barr virus with Vitamin D related genes , and also of the possible relationship of a Synechococcus phage to multiple sclerosis. The ecology of this phage and its cyanobacterial hosts are closely related to sunlight.
An unbiased metagenomic search for infectious agents using monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue.
Limited evidence was found for infection with GB virus C which requires confirmation
Risk factors: Chronic fatigue:
Fat Weighs Heavy On The Brain - Science News
FOR KIDS: Fat Weighs Heavy On The Brain - Science News
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Antibody Responses against Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus Envelope in a Murine Model.
In XMRV envelope vaccinated mice XMRV antibodies peak transiently and then rapidly disappear. This perhaps explains the differing prevalences reported for XMRV in prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome studies. The low level of immunogenicity could be a characteristic of XMRV infection in humans. Lack of antibodies does not therefore necessarily preclude the presence of an earlier infection.
Apples Significantly Lower LDL Cholesterol Levels In Older Women
There are many dietary ingredients which are known to lower "bad cholesterol" including fish, fruit and oats (porridge). Dietary advice, rather than the use of statins could markedly reduce the risk of developing cholesterol related diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and coronary heart disease.
Human Ecstasy Use is Associated with Increased Cortical Excitability: An fMRI Study
The neurotoxic effects of ecstacy (MDMA) in animals have long been known. This human study confirms such effects
Endogenous bornavirus elements in mammalian genome
Many other non-retroviral viral elements are also found in human genomes Refs The bornavirus has also been impicated in bipolar disorder
Insulin: Predictor for Alzheimer's? | Medical News and Health Information
Insulin: Predictor for Alzheimer's? | Medical News and Health Information
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Omega-3 Consumed During Pregnancy Curbs Risk For Postpartum Depression Symptoms
Omega-3 Consumed During Pregnancy Curbs Risk For Postpartum Depression Symptoms
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Allen Institute for Brain Science announces first comprehensive gene map of the human brain
Allen Institute for Brain Science announces first comprehensive gene map of the human brain
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
The core gut microbiome, energy balance and obesity
"...............findings indicate that a core microbiome can be found at the gene level, despite large variation in community membership, and that variations from the core are associated with obesity"
Epstein–Barr and other viral mimicry of autoantigens, myelin and vitamin D-related proteins and of EIF2B, the cause of vanishing white matter disease: massive mimicry of multiple sclerosis relevant proteins by the Synechococcus phage
The Epstein–Barr virus expresses proteins containing numerous short consensi (identical pentapeptides at least, or longer gapped consensi) that are identical to those in 16 multiple sclerosis autoantigens or in the products of multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes. Other viruses implicated in multiple sclerosis also display such mimicry and the Synechococcus phage was identified as a novel and major contributor to this phenomenon. Cyanobacteria hosts of Synechococcus phages favor temperate climes, in line with multiple sclerosis distribution, and bacterial and phage ecology accords closely with multiple sclerosis epidemiology. Bovine, ovine or canine viral proteins were also identified as autoantigen homologues, in line with epidemiological data linking multiple sclerosis to cattle density, sheep contact and dog ownership. Viral proteins align with known autoantigens, other myelin and vitamin D-related proteins and the translation initiation factor EIF2B, which is implicated in vanishing white matter disease. These data suggest that the autoantigens in multiple sclerosis, which causes demyelination in animal models, may be generated by antibodies raised to viral protein homologues. Multiple autoantibodies may cause multiple sclerosis via protein knockdown and immune activation. Their selective removal may be of clinical benefit as already suggested by promising results using plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption in certain multiple sclerosis patients.
See multiple sclerosis risk factors
See multiple sclerosis risk factors
Drinking 100 Percent Fruit Juice May Offer Disease-Fighting Benefits
Drinking 100 Percent Fruit Juice May Offer Disease-Fighting Benefits
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Stress wrecks intestinal bacteria, could keep immune system on idle
Enviromental influences on the microbiome, in this case stress, which in turn affects the influence of the microbiome on the immune system.
UNC study helps clarify link between high-fat diet and type 2 diabetes
...........which is that saturated fats activate interleukin 1- beta production by the immune network . IL1B then turns off insulin production in various tissues, favouring type 2 diabetes
Overwhelming Scientific Evidence Shows Efficacy Of Plant Sterols InLowering Cholesterol, UK
Plant Sterols
Risk factors: Alzheimer's :
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's
Cholesterol pathways in Alzheimer's disease
Risk factors: Alzheimer's :
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's
Cholesterol pathways in Alzheimer's disease
Vitamin D and the anti-viral state. [J Clin Virol. 2011] - PubMed result
Vitamin D has many benefits, not least as an immunostimulant. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a number of diseases. It also has antiviral effects as discussed here
The Cell: An Image Library
Some beautiful pictures of cells from many laboratories : Submit your own images as well.
Helminthic therapy - Wikipedia
The microbiome can have deleterious or beneficial effects on human health . Helminthic therapy is being assessed in a number of disorders as reviewed in this article. See also Pubmed articles and ClinicalTrials.gov
See also viruses, bacteria. other pathogens and probiotics in various human diseases
See also viruses, bacteria. other pathogens and probiotics in various human diseases
Hepatitis B vaccination of male neonates and autism diagnosis, NHIS 1997-2002.
This study showed that in male children, hepatitis B vaccination was associated with a three fold higher risk of their parents reporting autism
Risk factors: Autism : Kegg pathways in autism
Risk factors: Autism : Kegg pathways in autism
Gastrointestinal flora and gastrointestinal status in children with autism -- comparisons to typical children and correlation with autism severity.
In this study gastrointestinal symptoms correlated with the severity of autism: Children with autism had lower levels of species of Bifidobacter and higher levels of species of Lactobacillus but similar levels of other bacteria and yeast: Children with autism also had lower levels of total short chain fatty acids including lower levels of acetate, proprionate, and valerate;
Risk factors in autism : Kegg pathway analysis of Autism susceptibility genes
Risk factors in autism : Kegg pathway analysis of Autism susceptibility genes
A world first: The discovery of a common genetic cause of autism and epilepsy
The gene is the synapsin SYN1 a key element in synaptic vesicles involed in neurotransmitter release, particularly glutamate
Risk factors: Autism : Kegg pathways Autism
Risk factors: Autism : Kegg pathways Autism
Long-term users of ecstasy risk structural brain damage
The impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on the development of overweight and obesity: follow-up study from birth to 10 years.
The microbiome may be able to influence childhood obesity as judged by the significant effects of probiotics in this study.
Childhood obesity risk factors:
Childhood obesity risk factors:
The Metabolic Signaling Pathway Responsible For Dyslipidemia Identified By Researchers
Image via Wikipedia
One step closer to a diagnostic test for schizophrenia
The power of the -omes - this time the metabolome where mass measurements have identified a profile specific to schizophrenia. Full paper
The human metabolome project
Search Amazon.com for metabolome
The human metabolome project
Search Amazon.com for metabolome
Link between chronic depression and accelerated immune cell aging
Malfunction of the immune system is implicated in many psychiatric diseases, including depression. Many genes in volved in the immune networks are also implicated in Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and others
Routine Periodic Fasting Is Good For Your Health, And Your Heart
"Fasting causes hunger, releasing cholesterol , allowing it to use fat as a source of fuel, instead of glucose. This decreases the number of fat cells in the body.The fewer fat cells a body has, the less likely it will experience insulin resistance, or diabetes."
This is relevant to the nun study in Alzheimer's disease : Nuns appear less prone to the vagaries of ageing.
Risk factors: Alzheimer's :
This is relevant to the nun study in Alzheimer's disease : Nuns appear less prone to the vagaries of ageing.
Risk factors: Alzheimer's :
Clinical, environmental, and genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis in children with acute demyelination: a prospective national cohort study.
Risk of multiple sclerosis in children can be stratified by presence of HLA-DRB1*15 alleles, remote Epstein-Barr virus infection, and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. This is an importan way of using numerous risk factor interactions to tease out the interdependent variables.
Sugar transporters for intercellular exchange and nutrition of pathogens
Some pathogens need sugars to survive and have found a way to drain sugar from the host cell by activating glucose efflux transporters. The resulting loss of available energy is likely to severely compromise the host cell.
PLoS ONE: Herpes Simplex Virus Dances with Amyloid Precursor Protein while Exiting the Cell
This paper illustrates a major role for APP in herpes simplex viral transport and egress
Herpes simplex binding partners in Alzheimer's disease plaques and tangles
Herpes simplex binding partners in Alzheimer's disease plaques and tangles
Four new genes for Alzheimer's disease risk identified
The four new genes for Alzheimer's disease risk were MS4A (unknown function) , CD2AP (a scaffolding molecule that regulates the actin cytoskeleton), CD33, and the ephrin receptor EPHA1
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Herpes simplex infection
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Herpes simplex infection
MicrobeWorld - A Bacterium That Acts Like a Toothbrush
While many of the several hundred species of bacteria that live in the mouth are dangerous, causing plaque and
gum disease, that can be risk factors for atherosclerosis or Alzheimer's disease, some are beneficial, and this one, S. salivarius blocks the creation of biofilms by Streptococcus mutans.
gum disease, that can be risk factors for atherosclerosis or Alzheimer's disease, some are beneficial, and this one, S. salivarius blocks the creation of biofilms by Streptococcus mutans.
Probiotic bacteria could help treat Crohn's disease
The probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) strain prevents infection by the more virulent adherent invasive E. coli strainin Crohns disease. E.Coli Nissle is also effective in irritable bowel syndrome.
Other microbiome posts
Search Amazon.com for microbiome
Other microbiome posts
Search Amazon.com for microbiome
Omega 6-rich safflower oil has beneficial effects on blood lipids in diabetes
Image via WikipediaFrom Asp et al, 2011
Time-dependent effects of safflower oil to improve glycemia, inflammation and blood lipids in obese, post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-masked, crossover study.
New Study Reveals 1 Million Human Genome Sequence Errors Across Two NGS Platforms - Bio-IT World
Two different methods of sequencing the same genome came up with a million differences - very small when compared to total genome size, but important discrepancies when it comes to analysing potential genetic risk factors , whose effects often depend on a single base substitution .
Aimless proteins in T.Gondii may be crucial to disease
Toxoplasma gondii attacks healthy cells by first injecting them with inactive kinases,. Without these, T.Gondii was unable to cause disease in mice; These kinases likely interfere with similar kinases inthe host
Risk factors: Schizophrenia Kegg pathways Schizophrenia
Risk factors: Schizophrenia Kegg pathways Schizophrenia
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