Transfer of bacterial DNA to the host genome. Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas disease
It is not just viral DNA that can end up in the host's geneme- but now, it seems, parasite DNA as well. Bacteria also connect with each other and exchange DNA
See these posts
See these posts
KEGG pathway analysis of the AIDS virus HIV1/host interactome
Image via WikipediaOther KEGG pathways
Do Food Dyes Make Some Children Hyperactive? FDA Investigates
Do Food Dyes Make Some Children Hyperactive? FDA Investigates
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
The activation of monocyte and T cell networks in patients with bipolar disorder.
Immune activation in Bipolar disorder can be added to the list of many others including autism and schizophrenia. Perhaps related to the infectious agents that have been implicated in these conditions.
Bipolar disorder genetic pathways including T cell signalling and several inflammatory and immune pathways.
Bipolar disorder genetic pathways including T cell signalling and several inflammatory and immune pathways.
Elderly Dementia Patients at Serious Risk for Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia is not good, as reduced glucose delivery to the brain can result in neuronal death , accelerating that already present in dementia patients.
No two of us are alike -- even identical twins: Pinpointing genetic determinants of schizophrenia
Image via Wikipedia
Alternative Agents No Safer Than Atypicals in the Elderly
Antipsychotics and sedatives are often used in nursing homes for the elderly. However their safety is in question and they can have serious adverse effects in older patients. While this is known in research centres, it is probably much less appreciated in nursing homes far from these units, and education of the psychogeriatric caring community is essential.
Huntington's disease: KEGG pathway analysis of the Huntingtin interactome
KEGG pathway analysis of the HTT huntingtin interactome in Huntington's disease
Other KEGG posts
Other KEGG pathways
Other KEGG posts
Other KEGG pathways
Going Viral: Exploring the Role Of Viruses in Our Bodies
The microbiome has so far focussed mainly on bacteria: Now it seems that there are even more diverse viruses cohabiting with the bacteria and with ourselves. They can also help to shuffle DNA from one bacterial species to another, playing a role in bacterial evolution.
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa Toxin that Hijacks the Host Ubiquitin Proteolytic System : Increased degradation of CFTR (cystic fibrosis)
P.Aeruginosa is an important pathogen in cystic fibrosis: It secretes a toxin that inactivates a host cell deubiquitinating enzyme (USP10), which increases the degradation of the CFTR secretory chloride channel
This would further reduce the activity of the CFTR channel, already compromised by mutations in cystic fibrosis.
Cystic fibrosis
CFTR interactome
This would further reduce the activity of the CFTR channel, already compromised by mutations in cystic fibrosis.
Cystic fibrosis
CFTR interactome
'Knowing it in your gut': Cross-talk between human gut bacteria and brain
This comes form a paper "Reduced anxiety-like behavior and central neurochemical change in germ-free mice" showing strong effects of microbes on brain and behaviour. These effects are relevant to the diverse viral, bacterial and other pathogens that are risk factorsor causes in many diseases.
Other microbiome effects are catalogued here:-
Other microbiome effects are catalogued here:-
[18F]FHPG Positron Emission Tomography for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in Experimental HSV Encephalitis -- Buursma et al. 79 (12): 7721 -- The Journal of Virology
9-[(1-[18F]fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine ([18F]FHPG) is a fluoridated derivative of ganciclovir and can be sed for imaging herpes virus infection.
Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 reproduction by probiotic bacteria in vitro
Image via WikipediaKegg pathways Herpes simplex infection
Probiotic helminth administration in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 1 study.
Favourable effects were noted in this preliminary study with the non-pathogenic helminth, Trichuris suis which has already proved effective in inflammatory bowel disease
Risk factors: Multiple sclerosis
Risk factors: Multiple sclerosis
Streptococcus enzyme could compete with toothbrushes, dental floss
Streptococcus enzyme could compete with toothbrushes, dental floss
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Scientists grow personalized collections of intestinal microbes
The micobiome plays a role in obesity, malnutrition, Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome, and many others. A grow your own solution that may perhaps have application in many human diseases. Big microbes replacing Big Pharma ?
How different strains of parasite infection (T.Gondii ) affect behavior differently
Different strains of T.Gondii modify host gene expression differently - but all upregulate VIPR2 a recently characterised important schizophrenia gene. VIPR2 expression in macrophages is controlled by Toll receptor TLR2 or TLR2/6 (Herrera et al, 2009). T.Gondii binds to galectin 3, an associate of TLR2 , in macrophages Debierre-Grockiego et al 2010
The KEGG pathways traced out by schizophrenia genes - now including VIPR2, include several viral and bacterial entry pathways, with toxoplasmosis heading the list.
Risk factors in schizophrenia including T.Gondii : Kegg pathways of schizophrenia genes, including toxoplasmosis
The KEGG pathways traced out by schizophrenia genes - now including VIPR2, include several viral and bacterial entry pathways, with toxoplasmosis heading the list.
Risk factors in schizophrenia including T.Gondii : Kegg pathways of schizophrenia genes, including toxoplasmosis
KEGG pathway analysis of Autism susceptibility genes
This analysis of several hundred Autism susceptibility gene candidates highlights MAPK, calcium, and neurotrophin pathways, among others, as well as numerous adhesion related networks. As with many other diseases, immune networks are well represented , as are pathogen entry and defence pathways.
Other KEGG pathway analyses of polygenic diseases
Other KEGG pathway analyses of polygenic diseases
The Human Jungle: Exploring the Microbiome
A fascinating insight into the microbiome, which can keep us healthy or make us sick, and kill or cure. We host several trillion microbes that influence health and disease. Resarch is beginning to uncover ways of manipulating this important ecosystem, which is a part of our selves.
Schizophrenia: A pathogenetic autoimmune disease caused by viruses and pathogens and dependent on genes: Journal of Pathogens
Many genes have been implicated in schizophrenia as have viral prenatal or adult infections and toxoplasmosis or Lyme disease. Several autoantigens also target key pathology-related proteins. These factors are interrelated. Susceptibility genes encode for proteins homologous to those of the pathogens while the autoantigens are homologous to pathogens’ proteins suggesting that the risk promoting effects of genes and risk factors are conditional upon each other, and dependent upon protein matching between pathogen and susceptibility gene products. Pathogens’ proteins may act as dummy ligands, decoy receptors or via interactome interference. Many such proteins are immunogenic suggesting that antibody mediated knockdown of multiple schizophrenia gene products could contribute to the disease, explaining the immune activation in the brain and lymphocytes in schizophrenia, and the preponderance of immune related gene variants in the schizophrenia genome. Schizophrenia may thus be a “pathogenetic” autoimmune disorder, caused by pathogens, genes and the immune system acting together, and perhaps preventable by pathogen elimination, or curable by the removal of culpable antibodies and antigens.
Research Unlocking Mysteries Surrounding Lyme Disease
Image via WikipediaRisk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia
Antibiotics May Make Fighting Flu Harder - Science News
Influenza Image via Wikipedia
Schizophrenia Research Forum: Online Discussions Neurexin—From Basic Biology to Cognitive Diseases
Schizophrenia Research Forum: Online Discussions
Why Are 6 Of Top 7 Fattest Countries English Speaking Ones?
Image by Vanessa Pike-Russell via Flickr
Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: differences in pro- and anti-inflammatory balance.
Chronic immune activation is evident in schizophrenia but is more episodic in Bipolar disorder
Risk factors: Bipolar disorder : Schizophrenia Kegg pathways in Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Risk factors: Bipolar disorder : Schizophrenia Kegg pathways in Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Individuality in gut microbiota composition is a complex polygenic trait shaped by multiple environmental and host genetic factors
Individuality in gut microbiota composition is a complex polygenic trait shaped by multiple environmental and host genetic factors
.......... and so are human diseases , which are also related to multiple genetic , viral and bacterial risk factors
.......... and so are human diseases , which are also related to multiple genetic , viral and bacterial risk factors
Second Genome The Microbiome company
Aleksandar Milosavljevic and colleagues at the Baylor School of Medicine show
their findings from a study of children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome identifying Alistipes putredinis as a contributory factor Other data on asthma and others are also available
their findings from a study of children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome identifying Alistipes putredinis as a contributory factor Other data on asthma and others are also available
Improving the infant gut ‘microbiome’
Image via Wikipedia
Beyond Pesticides - Pesticide-Induced Diseases database
Image by IITA Image Library via FlickrPesticides have been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease , Autism , Parkinson's disease and cancers. This database documents such effects. There seems to be little public health effort to minimise these avoidable risks.
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
First Successful Double-Blind Trial Of Gene Therapy For Advanced Parkinson's
Image via WikipediaRisk factors: Parkinson's disease Kegg pathways Parkinson's
Depression's multiple comorbidities explained by (neuro)inflammatory and oxidative & nitrosative stress pathways.
A large number of psychiatric and neurological diseases, including depression, are related to inlammatory processes and immune activation.There seeems to be little reason for this within the neurotransmitter networks affected by such diseases ( dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and co) and a plausible explanation would be that this relates to the numerous infectious agents associated as risk factors.
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Red meat and bowel cancer risk
Image via Wikipedia
Rapid discovery of inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii using hybrid structure-based computational approach.
There is no vaccine for T.Gondii and hypersensitivity and toxicity limit the use of the few available medicines: When are pharmaceutical companies going to take an interest ? A compound likely exists in the millions already synthesised. This could be of much much more use than novel neuroleptics. Risk factors: Schizophrenia Kegg pathways Schizophrenia
Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in schizophrenia patients referred to Psychiatric Hospital, Sari City, Iran.
This study reported a high incidence of T.Gondi antibodies in schizophrenia patients
Risk factors: Schizophrena risk factors
Kegg pathways Schizophrenia gene pathways (including Toxoplasmosis)
Risk factors: Schizophrena risk factors
Kegg pathways Schizophrenia gene pathways (including Toxoplasmosis)
Beta Blockers Might Be Feeding the Obesity Epidemic
Obesity map in adult females via Wikipedia
Perturbation in Mitochondrial Network Dynamics and in Complex I Dependent Cellular Respiration in Schizophrenia.
Risk factors: Alzheimer's : Autism : Bipolar disorder : Childhood obesity: Chronic fatigue: Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia Kegg pathways Alzheimer's Parkinson's Schizophrenia Herpes simplex infection Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Ontogenetic De Novo Copy Number Variations (CNVs) as a Source of Genetic Individuality: Studies on Two Families with MZD Twins for Schizophrenia
SNP's and copy number variations observed in twins can be absent from parents, adding a layer of compexity to genetic studies. Small effects like this are very unlikely to be noted in GWAS or other association studies.
Gut bugs to lungs' rescue - The Scientist - Magazine of the Life Sciences
The commensal bacteria of the gut, essential for digestion and the overall well-being of the intestines, also play a critical role in mounting an immune response to the flu virus in the lungs.
Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Cystic fibrosis CFTR interactome
Toxoplasmosis: The strain explains severity of infection
Image via WikipediaRisk factors: Schizophrenia Kegg pathways Schizophrenia genes (includes toxoplasmosis pathway)
The 12th International Meeting on Human Genome Variation and Complex Genome Analysis (HGV2011)
Image via WikipediaTopics to be covered include methods/strategies for utilisation of different types of DNA variation (e.g., SNPs and copy number variations-CNVs), functional genomics applications, population genetics, bioinformatics, databases, algorithm development, personal genome sequencing, The 1000 Genomes Project, and the study of human disease
Vitamin D Insufficiency High Among Patients With Early Parkinson Disease
Yet another disease tied to Vitamin D deficiency.This had in fact already been reported, but this study showed that it occured prior to onset, and was in fact reduced at later stages.
Risk factors: Parkinson's disease Kegg pathways Parkinson's
Other vitamin D posts
Risk factors: Parkinson's disease Kegg pathways Parkinson's
Other vitamin D posts
The impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on the development of overweight and obesity: follow-up study from birth to 10 years.
Early gut microbiota modulation with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus , in pregnant mothers, may modify the growth pattern of the child and restrain excessive weight gain during the first years of life.This bacterium is sometimes used in yoghurt.
Other microbiome posts
KEGG pathway analysis of the AIDS virus HIV-1/host interactome
The HIV-1 AIDS virus interacts with a large number of host proteins which etch out a number of signalling networks. These are related to the viral life cycle and to pathogen defense and to many immune related pathways. Pathways related to comorbid conditions such as NeuroAids, dementia or psychosis are also well represented.
Herpes simplex host/pathogen interactome
Herpes simplex host/pathogen interactome
Pharmacogenomics Becomes Standard In Over 50 Hospitals Throughout Taiwan Through Use Of New Genetic Screening Kit
Pharmacogenomics will allow the use of personalised medicine tailored to the individual's genes that can help decide whether a drug will be effective or toxic.
A set of papers showing viral integration into plant, arthropod, fungal, nematode, and protozoan, mammalian and human genomes
Viral integration into the human genome had until recently been thought to be the preserve of retroviruses. It is now clear that non retroviruses, both RNA viruses and DNA viruses, have also been inserted over evolutionary time , and that this is an ongoing process. This would appear to be the driving force in evolution.
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