These effects were not restricted to the farmers spraying the fields but also extended to neighbours in the vicinity - probably relating to spray drift in windy conditions. This link has long been suspected and paraquat and rotenone and maneb are known to kill dopamine neurones in animal models, via inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, as for MPTP. Combined exposure to ziram , maneb (fungicides) and paraquat (herbicide) near any workplace increased the risk of Parkinson's disease threefold, while combined exposure to ziram and paraquat alone was associated with an 80 percent increase in risk.These risk effects are much larger than for most susceptibility genes.
Other risk factors in Parkinson's disease
Genetic pathways in Parkinson's disease
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